Adaptive responses induced by 24S-hydroxycholesterol through liver X receptor pathway reduce 7-ketocholesterol-caused neuronal cell death☆

24S-hydroxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol differentially impact hippocampal neuronal survival following oxygen-glucose deprivation

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), a major subtype of glutamate receptor mediating excitatory transmission throughout the CNS, participate in ischemia-induced neuronal death. Unfortunately, undesired side effects have limited the strategy of inhibiting/blocking NMDARs as therapy. Targeting endogenous positive allosteric modulators of NMDAR function may offer a strategy with fewer downside...

(24s)-hydroxycholesterol Efflux from Neuronal Cells by Abc Proteins Efflux Mechanism of 24-ohc from Sh-sy5y Cells Efflux of 24-ohc from Hek293 Cells Expressing Abca1 and Abcg1 Neuronal Cell Protection by Abca1 and Abcg1 from 24-ohc Induced Cell Death

Rapid Hepatic Metabolism of 7-Ketocholesterol by 11 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1

The role of 11 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 -HSD1) in the local activation of the glucocorticoid receptor by converting inactive 11-ketoglucocorticoids to active 11 -hydroxyglucocorticoids is well established. Currently, 11 -HSD1 is considered a promising target for treatment of obese and diabetic patients. Here, we demonstrate a role of 11 -HSD1 in the metabolism of 7-ketocholester...

Enzymatic reduction of oxysterols impairs LXR signaling in cultured cells and the livers of mice.

Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that play crucial roles in lipid metabolism in vivo and are activated by oxysterol ligands in vitro. The identity of the ligand that activates LXRs in vivo is uncertain. Here we provide two lines of evidence that oxysterols are LXR ligands in vitro and in vivo. First, overexpression of an oxysterol catabolic enzyme, cholesterol sulfotransferase, in...

Characterization and comparison of the mode of cell death, apoptosis versus necrosis, induced by 7beta-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol in the cells of the vascular wall.

Oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDLs) play a central role in atherosclerosis, and their toxicity is due, at least in part, to the formation of oxysterols that have been shown to induce apoptosis in various cell types. As 7beta-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol are the major oxysterols found in oxidized LDLs, we have investigated and compared the mode of cell death, apoptosis versus ne...